Ruby

Sapphire and Ruby are both gem quality Corundum. If chromium is present the stone is termed a ruby otherwise it is termed a sapphire. The amount of chromium and iron present in the ruby will dictate the shade of red to pink to brown to purple. Sapphire also comes in various shades of blue, pink yellow and green.

Traditionally called the king of gems it is available in various shades of red, the name ruby is derived from the Latin word for red, rebum. Large stones can have a higher price per carat than the finest diamonds. Gem quality ruby is rare. The most sought after source is Burma but they come from many other parts of the world including Thailand and Sri Lanka.

Ruby is corundum which has a hardness of 9 on the Moh's scale, second only to diamond. All red gem quality corundum is classed ruby, all other colours are sapphire. It is very durable and an excellent choice for jewellery that is worn every day.

Like all other gem the quality of the material will dictate the price, the ideal gem will be bright red slightly pink, evenly coloured throughout, translucent and free of inclusions. The cut should maximise the stones beauty. There is a wide range of shapes available, but it is important to look at the overall symmetry and proportion of a stone. Ultimately you should choose the ruby you like best. Opaque gems are available, these are generally cut cabochon. It is commonly accepted that rubies be heat treated to enhance their colour.